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JAT Bulletin 172-173, July-August 1999, ７&８月合併号 付録
松本 裕
非日本人会員の皆さまも、それぞれに日本学のご造詣が深いと拝察しますので、浅学の身で僭越とは思いますが、愛蔵本のなかから何冊かを敢えて推薦することにします。
いずれも言ってみれば、日本語の深奥に触れるものです。
・「芭蕉連句新釈」と副題のある3冊/すべて筑摩書房刊
1)「風狂余韻」安藤次男著
2)「風狂始末」 〃
3)「続風狂始末」 〃
・「夷斎××}という標題の随想集シリーズ、たとえば
4)「夷斎風雅」石川淳著/集英社
上記を読むのに骨が折れるようなら、あるいは疲れるようなら、つぎの小説がいいでしょう。
・すべて集英社刊で
5)「天門」石川淳著
6)「狂風記」(上下巻)石川淳著
・すべて福武書店刊で
7)「眉雨」古井由吉著
8)「夜はいま」 〃
9)「明けの赤馬」 〃
最後に、
10)「夕陽妄語」加藤周一(朝日新聞夕刊不定期連載)
さらにだいぶ以前のもので残念ながら手許にはなく、入手困難かもしれませんが、
11)吉田健一の随筆集すべて
でいかがでしょうか。ちなみにご存知のとおり、吉田健一と石川淳は故人です。また、上記に共通の資質はお気づきでしょうが、和魂洋才です。
Roger Macin
BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names
Oxford University Press, 1990
ISBN: 0-19-212976-7
The potential pitfalls involved in transcribing British proper names into 'katakana' are legion. St John in a place-name will almost certainly be セント・ジョン, but as a family or given name it is much more likely to be シンジュン. The ruined Urquhart Castle on the shore of Loch Ness is not ウルクハート, as I have seen in some guidebooks, but アーカト. Sometimes similar spellings will hide different pronunciations. Berwick, a name shared by the northernmost town in England and the old county just across the border in Scotland, is ベリック; but Lerwick, the chief town in Shetland, is ラーウィック. It looks as though the first syllable in Islington and Isleworth, both in London, ought to be pronounced the same, but the one is イズリントン and the other アイズルワス, while the Scottish whisky-producing island of Islay is アイラ or アイレー.
Nearer to home, one of two bus routes between Folkestone, where I live, and Canterbury runs along country lanes through villages with names like Lyminge, Elham and Barham. I'm sure the temptation would be to transcribe these as ライミング, エルハム and バーハム. In fact, most English people not acquainted with the area would probably pronounce them in much the same way. Unfortunately they'd be wrong, because the correct transcriptions are リミンジ, イーラム and バラム.
The BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names provides a handy reference tool to difficult and unusual pronunciations. The BBC has long kept what would now be called a database of material in this field, and has several thousand advisers throughout the country whom it can call upon for local advice when necessary. The dictionary is a veritable mine of information covering personal names and place-names from all over the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) and the Isle of Man. An appendix deals with Channel Islands names, most of which are Norman French in origin.
The dictionary is pocket-sized, and just over 260 pages in length. In this country it is priced very reasonably at less than ten pounds (two thousand yen) for the hardback version, and a little more than half that for the paperback. In all fairness I should say that the latest edition (1990) is at present out of print, but is due to be re-issued very shortly.
It will help solve questions like:
1. How many silent letters are there in the place-names Alnwick, Lympne, Cirencester and Woolfardisworthy?
2. Sir Ralph Richardson the actor and Ralph Vaughan-Williams the composer share the same given name, but is the pronunciation the same?
3. In the place-name Gillingham, is the first syllable pronounced as in >gill= (the respiratory organ of a fish) or >gill= (half, or in some places quarter of, a pint: same as the name Jill)?
4. What is the connection between the family names Featherstonehaugh and Fanshawe?
5. How does a non-Welsh-speaker tackle the pronunciation of Welsh place-names such as Rhosllanerchrugog, Cwmgwrach, Dwygyfylchi and the little Anglesey village of (wait for it) Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllandysiliogogogoch?
The answers are:
1. Two in Alnwick (pronounced /=anik/), three in Lympne (pronounced /lim/), and none apart from the final <r> in Cirencester, unless you are very old-fashioned and pronounce it as if it were written Cissiter. As for Woolfardisworthy, it depends which one you mean. If it=s the village near Crediton in Devon, then the answer is none, because it=s pronounced more or less as written. If you mean the village near Bideford (pronounced, by the way, as if written Biddiford) also in Devon, then there are about nine silent letters, because it=s pronounced (and sometimes spelt) Woolsery
2. No. Sir Ralph Richardson is /ralf/, but Ralph Vaughan-Williams is /reif/.
3. As in >gill= (half a pint) if it=s the town in Kent where William Adams (Miura Anjin) was born, but as in >gill= (the respiratory organ of a fish) if it=s a town in Dorset.
4. Featherstonehaugh can be pronounced Fanshawe. It can also be pronounced in various other ways, and you=d have to ask the person concerned, or an acquaintance.
5. The best way is to learn the rudiments of Welsh spelling. It looks formidable, but the rules are quite simple and there are very few exceptions.
For interest's sake, I append a suggested transcription of the four Welsh place-names given above. Note that in Welsh spelling <ll> and <rh> represent an unvoiced /l/ and /r/ sound respectively, <u> is /i/, <w> is /u/, and the <gw> in a word like 'gwrach' is a /g/ pronounced with rounded lips. Also, <f> is /v/, while /f/ is spelt <ff>. The pronunciation of <y> varies according to position in a given word between the sound of the English <u> in 'sun' and /i/.
フロースフラネルフリゴグ クムグラーフ ドゥイガヴァルヒ
フランヴァイルプフルグウィンギフルゴゲラフウィルンドロブフルフランダシリオゴゴゴッホ
Emily Shibata-Sato
おすすめのウェブサイトです。
岐阜大学国語学研究室の「ことばへの窓」
http://www.gifu-u.ac.jp/~satopy/index.html
その中でも「小公子の部屋」
http://www.gifu-u.ac.jp/~satopy/llf.htm
Little Lord Fauntleroy（小公子）、A Little Princes（小公女）、The Secret Garden (秘密の花園)など Frances Hodgson Burnett （バーネット夫人）の作品は、日本でも、 まだ本国イギリスやその他の英語国でもよく知られていると思います（まだ、というのは 物語の舞台となる国では知られていない、たとえば英語で書かれた「フランダースの犬 （A Dog of Flanders）」がベルギーでは未訳で知られていないのに、日本から観光客が 押し寄せた、ような場合もあるから）。The Secret Gardenは数年前、コッポラが 映画化したのを見ました。
そのうち、「小公子」の百余年前の本邦初翻訳がここに掲載されています。 訳者は若松賤子。掲載されたのは『女学雑誌』の227〜237号（1890年 ８月23日〜11月１日）と、266〜299号（1891年５月23日〜1892年１月９日）。
最初の数行だけをみても、日本語が１世紀の間に「かなり」変わったのがわかります （１００年後はどうなっているのやら）。
「セドリツクには誰（たれ）も云ふて聞せる人が有ませんかつたから、何も知らないでゐたのでした。おとつさんは、イギリス人だつたと云ふこと丈は、おつかさんに聞ゐて、知つてゐましたが、おとつさんの没したのは、極く少さいうちでしたから、よく記臆して居ませんで、たゞ大きな人で、眼が浅黄色で、頬髯が長くつて、時々肩へ乗せて坐敷中を連れ廻られたことの面白かつたこと丈しか、ハツキリとは記臆てゐませんかつた。 おとつさんがおなくなりなさつてからは、おつかさんに余りおとつさんのことを云ぬ方が好と云ことは子供ごヽろにも分りました。」
ちなみに車の日産「セドリック」は、この主人公にちなんで命名したそうです。
Mutsuyo Okumura Unger
For beginners, I recommend "Consumer Reports" (monthly magazines published in the U.S.). The magazine tests and researches on consumer products and attempts to present its technical reports in plain English. Some editors are actually assigned to rewrite articles written by specialists into simple English. This is a good tool to learn a wide range of basic technical terminology while enjoying learning a lot about familiar products (such as food & nutrition, houses, medicine, cameras, cars, telephones, etc.).
西岡まゆみ
夏休みがもしあったら読みたい本
井上ひさし『東京セブンローズ』（文芸春秋、\2,381）
わたしにとっては小説家というより遅筆の劇作家という印象が強い井上ひさしさんですが、その井上さんが前作『吉里吉里人』（きりきりじん）発表以来 17年をかけて完成させたのがこの『東京セブンローズ』です。『吉里吉里人』 は実はわたしが大人になってから読んだなかで一番おもしろかった小説です （出版されたときは高校生でしたが……やれやれ）。今回の作品は「戦後の占 領軍による『日本語ローマ字化』の動きに対して国語を救った女たちの物語」、 とのことで、翻訳者のみなさまには特にオタッキーな（いや、滝沢君のことじ ゃなくて）悦を味わっていただけるものと存じます。
深津篤史『うちやまつり』（白水社、\1,800）
1998年に岸田國士戯曲賞を受けた、知人の劇作家の出世作。初演は1997年で、今秋の再演に向けて稽古に少し付きあうことになったため、「読みたい本」と いうより「読まなければならない本」。例の神戸連続児童殺傷事件を思い起こ させる阪神間の団地を舞台に、そこに住まう人々の関係性を極めて鋭敏な視点 から描いた作品で、これといった筋はありません(^^;。岸田賞の選考委員を務 める上掲の井上ひさしさんは、この作品を強く推したらしい。一方同じく選考 委員を務める野田秀樹さんは、本命と言われていた永井愛作品を推したらしい。 みんな自分が書けないものを推すのね、などと。（注 井上戯曲や永井戯曲は 基本的にきちんと時間軸に沿って展開し、伏線もちゃんと用意されています。 一方で野田戯曲、深津戯曲はまま時間軸を歪ませ、観客を翻弄しながら進みます。）
Judy Wakabayashi
The Professor and the Madman (American title; also known as The Surgeon of Crowthorne) by Simon Winchester
From a local bookstore's web site:
The making of the Oxford English Dictionary was a monumental fifty-year task requiring the assistance of thousands of volunteers. One of the keenest was a certain W.C Minor, who astonished and dismayed everyone by declining ever to come to Oxford to receive his congratulation until, reputedly, his refusals eventually prompted the Dictionary's editor, James Murray, to travel down to Crowthorne, in Berkshire, to meet him. What he found was utterly shocking. Minor was a millionaire American Civil War surgeon turned lunatic, imprisoned in Broadmoor Asylum for murder, who had dedicated his entire cell-bound life to work on the English language. Simon Winchester tracks down this uplifting tale of tragedy, genius and passion in all its bizarre and fascinating detail. The Surgeon of Crowthorne is one of the great untold stories of literature.
ISBN: 0670878626 - Hardcover - Fiction Hardback
This story of the making of the Oxford Dictionary has been a best-seller here in Australia. I haven't read it yet, but hoping to do so soon.